Jump to content

Southern Maryland

Coordinates: 38°28′N 76°48′W / 38.467°N 76.800°W / 38.467; -76.800
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Southern Maryland
A map of the counties of Southern Maryland. According to the state of Maryland, the region includes all of Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's counties (red) and the southern portions of Anne Arundel and Prince George's counties (light red)[3]
A map of the counties of Southern Maryland. According to the state of Maryland, the region includes all of Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's counties (red) and the southern portions of Anne Arundel and Prince George's counties (light red)[3]
CountryUnited States
StateMaryland
Largest CommunityWaldorf[1][2]
Counties
Population
 • Total373,177
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)

Southern Maryland, also referred to as SoMD, is a geographical, cultural and historic region, as well as a National Heritage Area,[8] in Maryland composed of the state's southernmost counties on the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. According to the state of Maryland, the region includes all of Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's counties and the southern portions of Anne Arundel and Prince George's counties.[3] It is largely coterminous with the region of Maryland that is part of the Washington metropolitan area.[9] Portions of the region are also part of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area[10] and the California-Lexington Park Metropolitan Statistical Area.[11] As of the 2020 Census, the region had a population of 373,177.[4][5][7][6] The largest community in Southern Maryland is Waldorf, with a population of 81,410 as of the 2020 Census.[1][2]

The first European settlement in Maryland was established in Southern Maryland at St. Mary's City in 1634.[12] This settlement is considered by historians to be the birthplace of religious freedom in North America.[13] Throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the area developed an agricultural slave economy,[14][15] with agriculture maintaining prominence following emancipation.[16] Many historical events occurred in Southern Maryland during the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War.[17][18][19] Much of the area remains rural, however the region saw suburban growth in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as Washington's suburbs expanded southward.[9][20]

Geography

[edit]
A Tidal Estuary in Mattawoman Creek

Counties located in Southern Maryland include Calvert County, Charles County, St. Mary's County, and the southern portions of Prince George's County and Anne Arundel County. The region's northern boundary passes through Prince George's County and Anne Arundel County,[3] east of Washington. Its eastern boundary is the Chesapeake Bay and its southern and western boundary is the Potomac River, Maryland's boundary with Virginia (and through it, the Northern Neck).

The Patuxent River runs through Southern Maryland, separating Calvert County and Anne Arundel County from Charles County, Prince George's County and St. Mary's County.

Land features in Southern Maryland include the St. Mary's Peninsula and the Calvert Peninsula.

Geologic formations of the Chesapeake Group can be found in Southern Maryland, including the Calvert Formation, the St. Marys Formation, and the Choptank Formation. Many of these formations are present at the Calvert Cliffs State Park in Calvert County.[21]

Southern Maryland is within the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic region.[22]

History

[edit]

Colonial Era

[edit]
Leonard Calvert, first Proprietary Governor of the Maryland Colony

Southern Maryland was originally inhabited by the indigenous Piscataway people.[23][24][25] English explorer Captain John Smith explored the area in 1608 and 1609.[26][27]

Cecilius Calvert was granted a charter to establish a colony meant to be a safe-haven for Catholics in 1632. Expeditions were launched into modern day Maryland, with an expedition reaching St. Clement's Island in 1634.[25][12] Later that year, the Maryland Colony was established by Leonard Calvert, first Governor of Maryland and brother of Cecilius. The colony's capital, and first settlement, was the newly established St. Mary's City.[14] The colony originally focused on tobacco farming and was very successful although disease was a problem and many settlers died until immunities built up in the population. Religious tensions and also periods of open conflict also continued to be a major challenge.

St. Mary's City is widely considered to be the birthplace of religious freedom in North America.[28][25] The colony there started under a mandate of religious tolerance in a time when England was anything but religiously tolerant. This was due to the colony's charter, which did not prohibit non-protestant churches.[14] In 1649, the Maryland Colonial Assembly passed of one of the earliest laws requiring religious tolerance, known as the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649.[29]

After 61 years as Maryland's capital an uprising of Protestants put an end to religious tolerance, overthrowing the old Catholic leadership and putting an end to colonial St. Mary's City itself, moving the colonial capital to Annapolis.[30][31][32][25]

Plantation economy and slavery

[edit]
A painting of Charles Calvert with a slave by John Hesselius. Charles Calvert was the eldest son of Benedict Swingate Calvert, who was the third Proprietary Governor of Maryland.

St. Mary's City was abandoned as a capital but was slowly consolidated from smaller farms into a large, single slave plantation by the late 1600s.[33][34] Originally, laborers were Indentured Servants, with African slaves arriving in 1639.[12] Tobacco and (later) also wheat plantations expanded there[34] and in Southern Maryland as a whole during the slavery era. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade brought African slaves by the boatloads, with 100,000 slaves disembarking in Maryland during the century before the American Revolution.[15] From the late 1600s to early 1700s, about half of Maryland's enslaved population lived in Calvert, St Mary's, Prince George's, and Charles counties.[14] By 1755, one third of Maryland's population were enslaved Africans.[15] Slavery proved vital to Maryland's economy, with the institution providing the foundation for Maryland's economy and society.[15] The profits from slavery also provided the means for Maryland's gentry to gain power and dominate politics.[15]

272 slaves from across Maryland, including the Southern Maryland counties of Charles, St. Mary's, and Prince George's, were sold during the 1838 Jesuit slave sale to two planters in Louisiana.[35]

A notable abolitionist from southern Maryland was Josiah Henson, a slave who was born in Charles County before escaping to Canada. Henson wrote an autobiography that inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.[36] Slavery ended in Maryland in November 1864 during the American Civil War, when Maryland ratified a new Constitution that abolished slavery.[15]

The American Revolution and the War of 1812

[edit]

During the American Revolutionary War, British forces landed on St. George Island in St. Mary's County on July 15, 1776, under the command of John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore.[18][37] Dunmore's forces were defeated by local Flying Camp militia led by Captain Rezin Beall, and they left the island on August 9, 1776.[38] During the war, American slaves throughout the Chesapeake region flocked to British lines following Dunmore's Proclamation, which promised freedom for slaves who fought for the British military.[15]

Due to Southern Maryland's proximity to the national capitol, the region was deeply affected by the War of 1812, with the war severely disrupting the lives of the region's citizens.[18] During August and September 1814, the British launched a campaign in the Chesapeake region. British forces landed in Benedict, Charles County on August 19, 1814.[39] Intent on marching to Washington, the British marched to Upper Marlboro before engaging American troops at the Battle of Bladensburg. The battle resulted in a British victory. By nightfall on August 24, 1814, British forces entered Washington and burned several government buildings.[40] The British then marched back to Benedict.[41] Similarly to what occurred in the Revolutionary War, enslaved Marylanders fled to British controlled areas to receive freedom.[15]

American Civil War

[edit]
A large portion of John Wilkes Booth's escape route following the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln runs through Southern Maryland

During the American Civil War, wartime sympathies were divided in Maryland[42][43] and Southern Maryland was sympathetic to the Confederates next to Maryland's Eastern Shore. From the war's beginning, however, large numbers of Union occupying troops and patrolling river gunboats prevented the state's secession, although frequent nighttime smuggling across the Potomac River with Virginia took place, including of Maryland men volunteering for Confederate service. John Wilkes Booth was helped by several people in his escape through the area and in crossing the river after killing President Abraham Lincoln.[17][42] Thousands of captured Confederate troops were confined in harsh conditions at Point Lookout Prison Camp at the southern tip of the peninsula.[19] During the war, in November 1863, Maryland ratified a new state Constitution which abolished slavery in the state.[15]

Transition to modern era

[edit]

Southern Maryland was traditionally a rural, agricultural, oyster fishing and crabbing region; linked by passenger and freight steamboat routes.[44] These steamboat routes operated on the Chesapeake Bay and major rivers until the 1930s before the building of highways and the Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge on U.S. Highway 301. (The latter highway was named after Robert Crain, an attorney who owned the state's largest farm, Mount Victoria, and who campaigned for the road's construction[45]). Weekend excursion boats also carried Washingtonians to small amusement parks and amusement pavilions at numerous Potomac shore locations.[46] From 1949 (1943 in some places) to 1968, the region was known for its poverty and its slot machine gambling.[47]

Modernizing St. Mary's County

[edit]

Poverty was common in St. Mary's County in the 1960s,[48] and gambling in the region came to be seen as a blight and was outlawed by Governor J. Millard Tawes and the state legislature.[49] A local political figure, St. Mary's County politician J. Frank Raley Jr. organized a slate of local candidates with the platform of challenging the political status-quo and lifting the region out of its generations long poverty.[49]

The region's isolation was ended by having a series of bridges built and roads expanded into highways.[48][50] These developments are credited for enabling the development of modern St. Mary's County.[48][50]

Raley was falsely accused of working to end gambling outright in the region,[49] which ended in his defeat and his official political career.[49] In fact he had supported a referendum on gambling which would have put the decision directly in the hands of voters.[49] He continued nevertheless lobbying on behalf of the Southern Maryland region and sitting on development boards and continued to have a major influence on economic development in the region for the rest of his life.[50]

Population and economy

[edit]
A Boeing VC-25, commonly known as Air Force One, taking off from Joint Base Andrews

Since the 1980s, the region experienced suburban development as the Washington suburbs expanded southward.[51][52][9][53] This expansion took place primarily in Prince George's County, and around Waldorf (a regional shopping hub) and St. Charles (a planned community in Charles County), Lexington Park (St. Mary's County) and Prince Frederick (Calvert County). Much of the area remains rural, a mixture of forest and farmland, despite suburban growth.[54][55][16][20][56] This suburban growth has occurred and continued despite concerns from locals and environmental advocates.[53][57][58]

Many southern Marylanders work for the United States Armed Forces or the United States Federal Government and its related industries. Other smaller industries include a nuclear power plant[59] and a liquified natural gas terminal[60] (both in Lusby), a Naval ordnance test ground (at Indian Head),[61][62] electric power plants (at Aquasco and Morgantown)[63] and an oil terminal[64] (at Piney Point). The towns of Solomons Island and Chesapeake Beach are tourist resorts.[65][66][67] The Maryland International Raceway and Budds Creek Raceway near Chaptico attract many auto and motocross racing enthusiasts.[68][69]

Military bases

[edit]

Military installations in Southern Maryland include:

Suburban areas of Southern Maryland also have many Washington-area military related commuters.[81][82]

Tourism

[edit]
The Drum Point Lighthouse in Solomon's Island

The Southern Maryland National Heritage Area was established in the National Heritage Area Act in 2022.[83] The National Heritage Area will help preserve and promote destinations in four counties.[84] [85]

It is also one of thirteen state heritage areas and is administered by the Maryland Historical Trust through the Maryland Heritage Areas Program.[86]

Tourist Attractions in Southern Maryland include historical sites, such as the Thomas Stone National Historic Site, Historic St. Mary's City, and Port Tobacco Village,among others.[87][88][89] Museums in the area include the Calvert Marine Museum, and the Patuxent River Naval Air Museum.[87] Waterfront sites along the Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac River, and the Patuxent River are also tourist attractions. These include Mallows Bay, the Mallows Bay–Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary, and Solomon's Island.[66][90][87]

Politics

[edit]

The entire region is contained within Maryland's 5th congressional district,[91][92] which has been represented by Rep. Steny Hoyer since 1981.[93]

Maryland's two U.S. senators are Chris van Hollen (junior) and Ben Cardin (senior).[92]

Food and cuisine

[edit]

Oysters are still widely available although they were once fished from the bay and its tidal tributaries in greater numbers, and are served either fried, raw, or stuffed. "Rockfish", the Maryland word for striped bass, is considered the most prized fish dish in Southern Maryland.[94]

Perhaps the most notable food dish originating from Southern Maryland is stuffed ham, which includes cabbage, kale, onions, spices and seasonings that are chopped and mixed, then stuffed into deep slits slashed in a whole, corned ham.[95]

Sports

[edit]
Club League Venue Established Championships
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs ALPB, Baseball Regency Furniture Stadium 2008 0

Many residents also identify with national sports teams in Washington DC or Baltimore.

Colleges

[edit]
Calvert Hall located at St. Mary's College of Maryland

Colleges in Southern Maryland include:

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Southern Portion of Anne Arundel County is considered part of Southern Maryland[3]
  2. ^ The Southern Portion of Prince George's County is considered part of Southern Maryland[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Boch, Robin. "10 Largest Cities in Maryland by Population". La Vida Nomad. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Waldorf CDP, Maryland". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Legislative Election Districts: Southern Maryland". Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives, State of Maryland. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022. Southern Maryland: Calvert, Charles & St. Mary's Counties & parts of Anne Arundel & Prince George's Counties
  4. ^ a b Roberts, Tony (13 August 2021). "2020 Census: SOMD Region Sees Second-Highest Population Growth In Maryland". thebaynet.com. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b "QuickFacts Charles County, Maryland". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  6. ^ a b "QuickFacts St. Mary's County, Maryland". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  7. ^ a b "QuickFacts Calvert County, Maryland". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  8. ^ "Governor Moore Celebrates Designation of Southern Maryland National Heritage Area". The Office of Governor Wes Moore. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  9. ^ a b c Miller, Mark (11 March 2012). "Metropolitan Sprawl Puts Urban in Suburban". Southern Maryland Online. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  10. ^ "About the Region". Baltimore Metropolitan Council. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  11. ^ "California-Lexington Park, MD Metro Area". Census Reporter. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  12. ^ a b c "The colony of Maryland". Britannica. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  13. ^ Greenwell, Megan (21 August 2008). "Religious Freedom Byway Would Recognize Maryland's Historic Role". Washington Post, Metro Section. Nash Holdings. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d "The Peopling of Maryland Colony". National Park Service. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "A Guide to the History of Slavery in Maryland" (PDF). Maryland State Archives. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  16. ^ a b "AGRICULTURE - Southern Maryland Agricultural Development Commission". Tri County Council for Southern Maryland. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  17. ^ a b c "About Dr. Mudd". Dr. Samuel A. Mudd House Museum. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  18. ^ a b c "WAR COMES TO SOUTHERN MARYLAND". destinationsouthernmaryland.com. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  19. ^ a b "Point Lookout State Park, Civil War Museum & Lighthouse". Visit St Mary's MD. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  20. ^ a b "Southern Maryland". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  21. ^ "Fossil Collecting Sites at Calvert Cliffs". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  22. ^ "MARYLAND AT A GLANCE". Maryland Manual On-Line. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  23. ^ "FIRST PEOPLES". Southern Maryland National Heritage Area. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Piscataway-Conoy: Rejuvenating ancestral ties to southern parks". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  25. ^ a b c d "WHERE MARYLAND BEGAN". Southern Maryland National Heritage Area. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  26. ^ Wright, Christine (2002). "Capt. John Smith's 1608 Chesapeake Voyage". Calvert Marine Museum. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  27. ^ "Captain John Smith". Chesapeake Bay Program. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  28. ^ "Reconstructing the Brick Chapel of 1667" Page 1, See section entitled "The Birthplace of Religious Freedom" "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2015-12-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ Vile, John. "Maryland Toleration Act of 1649". Free Speech Center. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  30. ^ "ST. MARY'S COUNTY, MARYLAND: HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY", Maryland Manual Online, Maryland State Archives, Government of the State of Maryland, http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/36loc/sm/chron/html/smchron.html
  31. ^ Maclear, J.F. (1995). Church and State in the Modern Age: A Documentary History. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-508681-3
  32. ^ "The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877", By Paul Boyer, Clifford Clark, Karen Halttunen, Sandra Hawley, Joseph Kett, "Chapter: 4 The Bonds of Empire: 1660-1740" page 70, Cengage Learning, publisher, Jan 1, 2012,
  33. ^ Frank D. Roylance, Evening Sun, "They're unearthing more than a chapel at St. Mary's site BURIED PAST", November 13, 1990 [1]
  34. ^ a b Kenneth K. Lam, "Unearthing early American life in St. Mary’s City: St. Mary’s City is an archaeological jewel on Maryland’s Western Shore", The Baltimore Sun, Aug 30, 2013, http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2013/08/unearthing-early-american-life-in-st-marys-city/#1
  35. ^ "The Lost Jesuit Slaves of Maryland" (PDF). The Georgetown Memory Project. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  36. ^ a b "AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE". Southern Maryland National Heritage Area. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  37. ^ "On This Day in History - July 16, 1776". Revolutionary War and Beyond. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  38. ^ Russel, Jack. "St. George Is. Opens 1776 Revolutionary War in MD". The Leader. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  39. ^ Glass, Andrew. "British troops land at Benedict, Maryland, Aug. 19, 1814". Politico. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  40. ^ "The fall of Fort Washington and the Battle of White House Landing". National Park Service. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  41. ^ "Fort Warburton". National Park Service. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  42. ^ a b "Civil War History Brochures & App". Maryland Office of Tourism. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  43. ^ "Civil War in Maryland: Southern Sympathizers", Maryland State Archives, June 25, 2004, http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000114/html/t114.html
  44. ^ Shaum, Jack (Winter 2016–2017). "THE STEAMBOATS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY". Bugeye Times. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  45. ^ a b "Robert S. Crain (1865-1928)". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  46. ^ Roberts, Jay. "Potomac River Landings During the Steamboat Era". Jaybird's Jottings. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  47. ^ Janis, Stephen (1 December 2004). "Little Vegas What Can Maryland's Troubled History with Slot Machines Tell Us About the Odds for the Future?". Baltimore City Paper. Archived from the original on 2008-09-29. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  48. ^ a b c "Raley remembered as architect of modern St. Mary’s: Former state senator dies at 85; slots ended, bridge created through his work", Jason Babcock, Staff writer http://www.somdnews.com/article/20120822/NEWS/708229616/1044/news&source=RSS&template=gazette
  49. ^ a b c d e "For 21 years, slot machines ruled in St. Mary’s", Jason Babcock, Southern Maryland Newspapers, Wednesday, July 26, 2006, http://ww2.somdnews.com/stories/072606/entefea172603_32091.shtml Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ a b c "J. Frank Raley, 85, St. Mary’s City", Southern Maryland News, Wednesday, August 22, 2012 http://www.somdnews.com/article/20120822/misc/708229670/-1/j-frank-raley-85-st-mary-s-city&template=southernmaryland Archived 2014-04-04 at archive.today
  51. ^ "History of Suburbanization in Maryland" (PDF). Maryland.gov. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  52. ^ Lincoln, Taylor (17 March 1998). "Southern Maryland Grows Fastest, D.C. Suburbs Grow Biggest". Capital News Service. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  53. ^ a b Layton, Lindsey; Deane, Claudia (28 March 1998). "Poll Shows Southern Md. Residents Agree: Growth Is a Concern". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  54. ^ Brown, Darnell. "PUTTING CHARLES COUNTY IN CONTEXT". Meet Charles County. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  55. ^ "Summer 2007 — Draft Existing Conditions Summary" (PDF). Maryland Department of Transportation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  56. ^ "Patuxent River – 2000 Land Use / Land Cover". Maryland Department of Planning. 2000. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  57. ^ Neal, Terry; Shields, Todd. "Md. Looks to Regulate the Promised Land". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  58. ^ Degregorio, Jen (29 April 2004). "Southern Maryland Growth Has Planners Wary About Long-Term Impact on Aquifers". Capitol News Service. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  59. ^ Power generation: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. (2006). Constellation Energy. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  60. ^ Dominion Cove Point LNG. (2005). Calvert Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  61. ^ "INDIAN HEAD HISTORY 1890 - 1997" (PDF). Naval Sea Systems Command. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-13. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  62. ^ Indian Head division, Naval Surface Warfare Center Archived 2005-01-08 at the Wayback Machine. (n.d.). United States Department of Navy. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  63. ^ Chalk Point Generating Plant Archived 2006-03-17 at archive.today. (n.d.). Mirant Corporation. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  64. ^ Mirant Piney Point Archived 2006-10-15 at archive.today. (n.d.). Mirant Corporation. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  65. ^ Ajello, Jennifer. "Chesapeake Bay Resorts". Maryland Office of Tourism. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  66. ^ a b "SOLOMONS ISLAND, MARYLAND". BAYDREAMING.COM. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  67. ^ "Chesapeake Beach". Maryland Office of Tourism. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  68. ^ "MARYLAND INTERNATIONAL RACEWAY". Maryland Office of Tourism. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  69. ^ "BUDDS CREEK MOTOCROSS RACE TRACK". Maryland Office of Tourism. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  70. ^ "Photo: Arrival of last F-35C completes Patuxent River complement of Lightning II aircraft". Naval Air Systems Command. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  71. ^ "U.S. Naval Test Pilot School celebrates 70 years". Naval Air Systems Command. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  72. ^ "Joint Base Andrews". Military.com. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  73. ^ "Air Force One". Britannica. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  74. ^ "WELCOME TO NAVAL SUPPORT FACILITY INDIAN HEAD". Naval Support Facility Indian Head. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  75. ^ "WEBSTER OUTLYING FIELD". Naval District Washington. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  76. ^ "BRANDYWINE RECEIVER SITE WP-16" (PDF). Joint Base Andrews. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  77. ^ "Andrews Air Force Base (Joint Base Andrews)" (PDF). Maryland Department of the Environment. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  78. ^ Cole, Donna (23 September 2018). "A place in Davidsonville and Why it's So Important". Annapolis Creative. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  79. ^ "ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES AT BRANDYWINE RECEIVER SITE, ANDREWS AIR FORCE BASE, MARYLAND" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  80. ^ Slaughter, Shannon (28 August 2012). "Guardians of the Potomac: U.S. Coast Guard Station St. Inigoes". Southern Maryland Online. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  81. ^ "Southern Maryland Military Relocation". The Southside Group. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  82. ^ "LIVING IN SOUTHERN MARYLAND". Southern Maryland Association of Realtors. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  83. ^ "National Heritage Area Act". Congress.gov. December 22, 2022.
  84. ^ Maryland, Destination Southern (2022-07-20). "Southern Maryland National Heritage Area Act Passed by the House of Representatives". Destination Southern Maryland. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  85. ^ "Cardin, Hoyer Renew Push to Make Southern Maryland a New National Heritage Area". U.S. Senator Ben Cardin. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  86. ^ "MHT - Maryland Heritage Areas Program". Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  87. ^ a b c Meyer, Jim. "Things to See and Do in Southern Maryland". Maryland Office of Tourism.
  88. ^ "Basic Information". National Park Service. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  89. ^ "Culture: Historic Sites". Southern Maryland Online. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  90. ^ "Designation of Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary". www.federalregister.gov. 9 September 2019.
  91. ^ "113th Congress of the United States Maryland - Congressional District 5" (PDF). census.gov. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  92. ^ a b "Maryland's 5th Congressional District". govtrack.us. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  93. ^ a b Parrott-Sheffer, Chelsey. "Steny Hoyer". Britannica. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  94. ^ "Chesapeake Bay shapes state food customs". 21 November 2012.
  95. ^ Alumnae (1959). Treasured Recipes of Old St. Mary's County. St. Mary's Academy.
  96. ^ "College of Southern Maryland". Maryland Association of Community Colleges. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  97. ^ "St. Mary's College of Maryland". The Princeton Review. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  98. ^ "New surgeon general's science background was nurtured in Maryland". The Baltimore Sun. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  99. ^ "Margaret Brent (ca. 1601-ca. 1671)". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  100. ^ "The Legend of Moll Dyer". Visit St Mary's MD. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  101. ^ "C. BERNARD (BERNIE) FOWLER". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  102. ^ Harrington, Richard (6 October 1994). "GATTON DEAD OF GUNSHOT WOUND". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  103. ^ "COMPTROLLER OF MARYLAND". Maryland.gov. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  104. ^ "Alfred Gough". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  105. ^ "Scott Hall, Maryland-born 'Bad Guy' leader of wrestling's New World Order, dies at 63". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  106. ^ "Dashiell Hammett". Britannica. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  107. ^ "John Hanson Statue". Architect of the Capitol. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  108. ^ "JOSEPH B HAYDEN". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  109. ^ Mills, James. "The Legacy of Arctic Explorer Matthew Henson". National Geographic. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  110. ^ "Thomas Johnson". Britannica. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  111. ^ "Mary Kittamaquund". Native Americans. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  112. ^ Hoard, Christian (April 9, 2003). "Young, Hopeless, Rich, and Famous". Rolling Stone Australia. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007.
  113. ^ "Christina Milian Biography". ChristinaMilian.org - The Official Site of Christina Milian. Milian Corporation. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  114. ^ "Semmes, Rapheal". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  115. ^ "William Smallwood (1732-1792)". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  116. ^ "History". Robert D. Stethem Educational Center. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  117. ^ "Thomas Stone". National Park Service. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  118. ^ Miller, Henry. "Maryland's First Scientist". Historic St. Mary's City. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  119. ^ "Roger B. Taney". Britannica. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  120. ^ Hodge, Paul (12 November 1979). "Chief Is Buried in Piscataway". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  121. ^ "Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor". The White House. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  122. ^ Erica Mitrano, "Palm gracing Solomons conjures a tropical breeze", Southern Maryland Newspapers Online, Oct. 25, 2006. Archived 2012-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
[edit]

38°28′N 76°48′W / 38.467°N 76.800°W / 38.467; -76.800